Puberty—a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.
Menarche: is a girl’s first menstruation, comes late in the pubertal cycle.
Variations in Puberty: Nutrition, health, and other environmental factors affect puberty’s timing and makeup. Boys may begin as early as 10 or late as 13 or end as early as 13 or late as 17. For girls menarche is considered within the normal range in the ages of 9 and 15.
Precocious Puberty: puberty starting before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys. Treated by suppressing gonadtropic secretions.
Early & Late Maturation Effects: early-maturing boys perceive themselves more positively and had successful peer relations. Late-maturing boys in their late thirties have a better sense of identity. Early-maturing girls are more likely to smoke, drink, be depressed, have an eating disorder, struggle for independence from their parents, and have older friends. Their bodies’ elicit attention for males which leads to early promiscuity. Early-maturing girls are less likely to graduate from high school and marry early.
Brain Development: Adolescence has fewer more, selective, more effective neuronal connections than they did as children. The corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres, thickens and improves adolescence ability to process information. The amygdale—the seat of emotions such as anger matures.
Teen Pregnancy: Infants born to young mothers are most likely to have low birth weights
Substance Use & Abuse: smoking is likely to begin in grades 7 through 9.
Eating Disorder:
Anorexia Nervosa: eating disorder that involves the pursuit of thinness through starvation. Weight is less than 85 percent of average weight for age. An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss, and a distorted image of their body.
Bulimia Nervosa: the individual consistently...
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