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DEREK MAHON
Poetic Techniques
Sound Effects
Alliteration is the repetition of first letters
Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds.
Internal Rhyme or Cross Rhyme or Conventional (end of line) Rhyme
Internal Rhyme is a word or sound rhyming within a line
Cross Rhyme is a word or sound rhyming across two or more lines
Consonance, including sibilance [or sibilant sounds].
Consonance is repetition of consonant sounds. Sibilance is repetition of ‘s’ sounds
Consonance, Cross Rhyme and Internal Rhyme may incorporate Alliteration and Assonance.
Try to add your own further examples to those below.
If you refer to these techniques when answering on a poet, state their purpose in re-enforcing meaning or creating the language construct that a poem is. Present them as evidence of the poet’s craft. Always argue that the verbal music or sound effects add to the lyrical quality of the images and make the poem an impressive piece of art.
The following are sample analyses that you should try to repeat on other poems, especially if you have not studied the poems analysed:
‘God, you could grow to love, it, God-fearing, God-
chosen purist little puritan that,
for all your wiles and smiles, you are’
Note the three examples of internal rhyme in this three-line quote from ‘Ecclesiastes’: ‘God’, ‘pur’ and ‘iles’. This repetition mirrors the repetitive diction of a preacher. Note also the four alliterating ‘g’ sounds in the first line. Mahon achieves a hymn like effect with his diction.
Note how the consonance interlinks the present with the process or remembering that is described in this sentence from ‘Grandfather’. There are eight uses of ‘r’. The consonance is deepened by theinternal rhyme of the three ‘row’ sounds in the first line of the quote.
‘Boiler -rooms, row upon row of gantries rolled
Away to reveal the landscape of a childhood
Only he can recapture.’
Note how the alliterating ‘g’ and the assonance pattern of the deep ‘a’, ‘ey’, ‘a’ sounds emphasise...
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